THE PEARL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR KCSE STUDENTS

THE PEARL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

In this article we explain frequently asked questions in The Pearl by John Steinbeck. The questions are meant to guide KCSE candidates.

These notes should serve as a complementary resource to students who have read and mastered on events in the pearl.

 

1.  What is the main theme in the pearl by John Steinbeck?

The main theme in The Pearl is the theme of greed. Kino lives a humble life of contentment before he finds the pearl.

 When he finds the pearl, he envisions a better life for his family, which has wallowed in abject poverty for many years. His ambitions include marrying Juana in church, buying new clothes, a harpoon, a Winchester Carbine rifle and above all education for his son Coyotito (pg44-46).

Kino’s ambitions grow wildly into uncontrollable greed that yields misfortune for him and his family. He ends up losing his valued canoe and his brushwood hut. He is also attacked several times. The deceptive nature of the pearl causes a strain in the happy marriage when he attacks Juana after she attempts to throw away the pearl. The family suffers untold grief when they lose their son Coyotito who is shot by a tracker who was after the pearl.

Greed is also exhibited by characters such as the priest, the, the pearl buyers, the doctor and some veiled figures that attacked Kino with the view of getting the pearl.

Clearly, a poor man who is contended is happier than a man of means who harbours excessive ambitions. Nothing good comes out of greed.

Desire without limit causes agony.

2.  What is the message in the pearl?

John Steinbeck’s The pearl is a parable. It discourages greed and encourages contentment.

3.  What is the moral lesson in The Pearl?

Excessive ambitions lead to pain/agony. Kino’s unchecked desire results in loss of property, anguish and death.

Contentment is the key to a happy life. Kino chases elusive happiness ostensibly brought by owning material wealth and formal education but instead sinks deeper into poverty and agony. 

We may lack money but still be happy. Peace of mind is more important than riches.

Also, all that glitters is not gold.

4.  Who did Kino kill?

Kino kills a man who attacks him at the beach. This is after Juana tries to throw away the pearl because it’s evil (pg. 35). She does so because several people have tried to attack Kino in order to get the pearl. Kino catches Juana and beats her badly (pg. 34). While returning to his house, he meets attackers on the path and the altercation that ensues leaves one man dead. Juana tells Kino, “You have killed a man.”

He also kills three trackers at the mountains. (Pg 115)

5.  Does Kino die in the pearl?

Kino does not die in the pearl. The story ends when he flings the pearl back into the sea when Coyotito dies. (Pg.118)

6.  What does the doctor give Coyotito?

The doctor gives Coyotito a white powder enclosed in a capsule of gelatine. He washes it down with pulque (pg. 52). This results in untold pain for Coyotito (pg.54).

He poisons Coyotito in order to reap maximum gains from the pearl.(pg. 56)

 He tries to trick Kino into giving him the pearl.  

"Perhaps you would like me to put it in my safe." (pg. 56) 

7.  Why does Juana want to get rid of the pearl?

Juana wants to throw away the pearl because it’s evil (pg.59). She wants them to throw it back to the sea before it destroys them. She says this after a thief tries to steal the pearl and Kino is hurt while trying to protect it.

Kino is attacked the second time and slashed. Juana tells him (pg. 79) “Kino this pearl is evil; let me destroy it before it destroys us”.

She tries to throw it away but Kino manages to catch her and stop her (pg. 83).

8.  What is the main conflict in the pearl? 

The protagonist Kino fights many evil forces. When he finds the pearl, he thinks that everyone is happy for him. When the news of his magnificent pearl spreads, everyone starts scheming how to benefit from the pearl (pg. 43). Everyone is interested in Kino’s pearl; the priest, the shopkeeper, the doctor, the beggars and the sellers. 

There is a conflict between good and evil. Kino fights against himself. He is overwhelmed by the evil nature of greed. He is blinded by unchecked ambitions and as fate would have it, he ends up losing everything he valued including his peaceful life and his son. (pg.115)

9.  Who killed the baby in The Pearl? 

Coyotito is shot and killed by one of the three trackers. The trackers were startled by a little murmuring cry that sounded like a human baby. They thought it was a coyote. The man shot in the direction of the cry and killed Coyotito. (pg. 114-115)

    “If it’s a coyote this will stop it” (Pg. 115)

NB: Coyotito does not die from scorpion sting or the white powder administered by the doctor. 

He was not killed by Kino. 

10. How does the pearl end? 

The Pearl ends when Kino flings back the pearl into the sea. 

“And the music of the pearl shifted to a whisper and disappeared.” (pg. 118)

Let's attempt these essay questions based on the Pearl.

KCSE SET BOOKS & ESSAY QUESTIONS: ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

ANALYZING KCSE SET BOOKS AND INTERPRATING KCSE ESSAY QUESTIONS  

KCSE English paper 3 is vital for any candidate aiming to score highly in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

This article explores tips of analysis of KCSE set books and interpretation of KCSE essay questions.

We have 5 set books in English. A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen and Blossoms of the Savannah by Henry Ole Kulet are compulsory while Memories we Lost, Inheritance by David Mulwa and The Pearl by John Steinbeck are optional.

HOW TO ANALYZE KCSE SET BOOKS

 Excelling in English Paper 3

What are the secrets? 

There is no secret but there is one thing you need to do in order to excel.

Read and reread the set book until you have a firm grasp of the content (plot, characters-characterization and themes). It’s also important to understand how the author uses literary devices and language to explore his or her subject matter.

Critical analysis of any given set book demands that you make evaluations that help you come up with moral lessons based on the characters’ actions.

Literature punishes bad deeds and rewards good deeds.

What is critical analysis?

• Read the set books with a view of going beyond the surface meaning.
• Consider the author’s intention in relation to the physical and time setting of the play, novel and short story.
• Relate the events in the book with contemporary issues in society today. Is there any correlation?
• Identify the good characters and the bad characters and their actions. What are the outcomes of these actions?
• What moral values do you draw from the book? 

You can only analyze a set book critically when you read it and grasp the actual events and their outcomes.

This means you should avoid reading and cramming notes on themes and character traits or memorizing guidebooks.

After analysis, synthesis and evaluation of the set book, the next step is to understand how to interpret KCSE essay questions and answering them.

KCSE essay questions are pretty straightforward. They simply test the candidates’ ability to think critically and make evaluation with reference to the set book in question.

 They also test the candidate’s grasp of the content in the set book.  

ANSWERING A KCSE ESSAY QUESTIONS

• Read the question carefully.
• Identify the key words in the question.
• Come up with points of interpretation.
• Come up with supporting evidence from the text to qualify each claim you make.
• Remember the objective is to bring out the moral lesson.
• When writing the essay, keep glancing at the question to remind you of the objective.

Let us use some sample questions from past KCSEpapers.

 

KCSE ENGLISH PAPER 3 2019 ESSAY QUESTIONS

Drama

David Mulwa Inheritance

The key words are ill-gotten wealth and true happiness.

Show how Lacuna Kasoo acquires wealth by illegal or unfair means for personal satisfaction or pleasure and how he ends up being miserable instead.

Each point you give must have “ill-gotten wealth” and how it leads to “misery or suffering” or lack of happiness.

In order to score full marks in the introduction, simply support the assertion that happiness can never be derived from dishonestly obtained riches making reference to David Mulwa's Inheritance. 

In order to score full marks in each point, show how Lacuna Kasoo acquires wealth dishonestly e.g. by borrowing heavily for his own selfish needs and squandering the money and how he wallows in misery e.g. when the citizens organize an uprising/insurrection.

You should give at least one illustration from the book for each point. You will score full marks only if you fully/exhaustively illustrate your point.

Both the illicit acquisition of wealth and the resultant misery must come out clearly in order for you to earn full marks in KCSE essay questions.

You should also link these two situations. The misery should be seen as a result of acquiring riches dishonestly.

Awarding marks

1 mark-You mentioned either of the key phrases. You simply explored one of the sides of the two-sided question. You merely mentioned the point.

2 marks-You made a valid attempt to illustrate but left out some vital points. You captured both sides of the questions. You showed how ill-gotten wealth causes Lacuna misery.

3 marks-The two sides of the question were brought out clearly. You identified a situation, gave the background and gave the outcome of Lacuna’s action. You also brought out the moral lesson seamlessly. 

The conclusion sums up the argument.

You can read an Inheritance sample essay question here.

 

Novel

John Steinbeck The Pearl

The key words are desires without limit and source of agony.

The only character that has limitless ambitions (desires) and brings misery to him and his family is Kino so naturally the points should revolve around him.

Each point must show the different situations where Kino suffers due to his excessive desire.

You must describe the suffering fully in order to earn a full mark. A mere mention of the agony will attract the least marks in the event that the point is valid.

For instance, if you identify one point as “Kino loses his boat (canoe)” you should go ahead and identify specific examples from the text that show Kino’s pain as a result of this particular loss.

E.g. You must talk about the searing rage, evil music, the canoe of his grandfather (which gives a sentimental attachment to it), Kino thinks that the killing of a man is less evil; this turns Kino into an animal … etc.(pg 87)

The moral lesson here is we should have limits to our desires or ambitions or else we will suffer or hurt those we love.

Come up with at least four points that have both the desire and Kino’s grief.

What about the other greedy character’s like the doctor and the priest? 

Unlike Kino, their families do not suffer and the outcome of the excessive ambition is not profound. We do not see their agony. Therefore, all points must be based on Kino’s actions.

In brief, the key to passing English paper 3 is reading the actual texts on your own until you become confident enough to sit the exam. You may read bits of the book over and over again. Read the episodes as many times as you can.

The interpretation of the questions rests on the key words.

Scarcely illustrated points do not score any marks. In order to get a full score in any given point, you must richly add evidence from the text in question.

See an example of an essay based on The Pearl here.

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If you have any questions or comments on analysis of set books and answering KCSE essay questions you may ask in the comments section below.

INHERITANCE STUDY NOTES: A guide for KCSE candidates.

INHERITANCE NOTES DAVID MULWA

A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO INHERITANCE BY DAVID MULWA

For video content please click the YOUTUBE button below 


Inheritance is a play by David Mulwa set in the fictional Kutula republic. The main issues tackled in the play include:

·                    Misuse of power

·                    oppression

·                    exploitation

·                    imperialism

·                    corruption

·                    poverty

1.                 Lacuna Kasoo misuses his power to enrich himself while oppressing the docile citizens of Kutula republic.

2.                 Together with his cronies like Chipande and Malipoa, he mismanages loans he procures from foreign financiers.

3.                 He borrows in his people’s name but banks the money in his individual account.

Characters in Inheritance by David Mulwa

1.                 Thorne Macay

2.                 Bishop Menninger

3.                 King Kutula XV

4.                 Reverend Sangoi

5.                 Romanus Bengo

6.                 Tamina Zen Melo

7.                 Lulu Zen Melo

8.                 Judah Zen Melo

9.                 Councillor Chipande

10.            Councillor Malipoa

11.            Daniel Goldstein

12.            Robert Rollerstone

13.            A host of other supporting characters

Themes in Inheritance by David Mulwa

1.                 Misuse of power

·                    Lacuna constructs a dam which causes the citizens of Kutula Republic misery. All streams lead to the dam making the valley dry. The dam is 15 kilometers away from Tamina’s village. Some citizens have to walk for the whole day in order to access the rare resource. (P 18-20)  

·                    Lacuna is hands off as a leader. He only gives orders (P 71). His ministers run their own ministries without his supervision. “They keep their share of the money” (P 73)

·                    Lacuna appoints his tribesmen to run his government. They are lax and inefficient. The outcome of this is irredeemable mismanagement of resources; 15% decline in output, rotten machines and turbines that need to be replaced. Judah Zen Melo has to befriend Mithambo, Kasoo’s tribesman, in order to get a promotion at Kasoo’s mines where he works as a gate keeper. (P 34)

·                    Lacuna uses 10 billion meant to buy new machines and service the mines to buy him a swanky plane in order to soar above “these petty people and their complaints gossip and hate.” He regards the 84 million citizens as subjects not equals. (P 71-72)

·                    Lacuna, in cahoots with his ministers, pockets 30 % of the balance of the 30 billion shilling loan. He banks it in his individual account abroad. (P 74)

 

2.                 Oppression

Those who sing a different tune from Lacuna face the full force of his wrath.

·                     Lacuna conspires to kill Romanus Bengo. Lacuna claims that he has a thorn in his political side which he wants plucked out. He wants Judah Zen Melo to prove his loyalty by killing his own brother, Romanus Bengo (who is a dissident and an activist against Lacuna’s leadership).

·                     Lacuna offers Judah Zen Melo good things for him and his family should he kill Romanus Bengo, his brother. Judah declines and says he cannot betray his brother and the mother who bore them. He becomes an enemy of the state. Lacuna’s thugs beat him up badly leaving him for dead. He is also dismissed from his government job.

·                    After dismissing Zen Melo, Lacuna relieves him of his cars and government house.

·                    Lacuna arrests Romanus Bengo (for opposing his brand of leadership) and throws him behind bars for a long time. (P 19, 27)

·                    Lulu, a 19 year old school girl, declines Lacuna Kasoo’s advances. He detains her and keeps her at his palace against her will. He flirts with her and even kisses her despite her protests. (P 92-94)

"You were born to soar above the eagles and perch nowhete but in our humble palace" (P 93)

" ... making me young again but beggar - a worshipper at the door of your heart." (P 93)

·                    Lacuna refuses Lulu the liberty to attend her father’s 2^nd interment, which is mandatory, in conformity with customary laws. (P 119)

·                    Lacuna has detained Lulu for a over a month and she is distraught (P 120). She cries a lot as a result. 

·                    Lacuna plans to marry Lulu who is just a 19 year old school girl. Lulu is mortified since she perceives Lacuna as an elder/father and a leader. She has plans of completing school and becoming a doctor. He tries to woo and seduce her with all sorts of niceties but she turns down his offer.  (P117, 119)

·                    Lacuna murders Judah Zen Melo. Robert says, “It was murder for poor Judah, not the age of the machine.” (P 108) He deceives the world that Judah was killed by an old machine, while struggling to work faster and quadruple production.  Lulu says: “You killed my father?” (P 120)

 

3.                 Exploitation

·                 Chipande, Lacuna’s henchman (political advisor) and an MP, forces Tamina to sell her piece of land to him for peanuts (very little money). Since her husband is kicked out of her government job, she is forced to pick coffee at Chipande’s farm in order to raise money to take care of Lulu. (P 24)

                     

·                    Tamina works from dusk to dawn at no extra coin. She can barely afford her daughter Lulu’s school fees. (P 27)

·                    After the white man leaves, Chipande grabs all the land on Bukelenge Mountains. He buys land from Tamina for peanuts claiming he cannot compete with a peasant. He also goes to the Leader and blocks others from obtaining a licence to grow coffee (P 29) 

·                    When the financiers demand that Lacuna pays the interest on the monies advanced to him so far, he says he shall make the subjects pay for their leader and for the seat of power his father paid for with his blood. (P 83)

 

4.                 Corruption

·        Lacuna borrows money in his people’s name and banks it in his individual offshore accounts. (P 61)

·        The money was meant to bolster the economy and better the lives of the people. Kasoo squanders this money. “Apart from lining your pockets and those of your immediate supporters, you have wasted loans advanced to you for development”. (P 64, 77)

 

5.                 Imperialism/colonization

·        Kutula colony is under the imperial rule of white colonialists like Governor Macay and his advisor Bishop Menninger. They come in politely but sooner than later take over operations of the colony, something that angers King Kutula XV. When he decides to kick out the imperialists, they hatch a flawless plan to have him killed with the help of his own son, Lacuna Kasoo. Lacuna is made the new king. The imperialists know that they can manipulate him like a marionette. (P 15-16) (P 68-69)

·        Menninger plans to brainwash and addle Princess Sangoi through western education and religion. “She will return here the very mother and goddess of confusion” (P 15)

·        When Lacuna throws a lavish banquet, he spends a colossal amount of money. He imports beer and wine from Robert’s subsidiary company and expensive food from abroad. Coffee is grown in Kutula but processed and imported from London at exorbitant prices. Eventually, the imperialists reap maximum benefits while the citizens of Kutula continue to suffer and wallow in poverty. (P 61)

·        In order to continue having a firm grip on Kutula’s affairs, the imperialists advance Lacuna more money despite squandering the billions he received initially. However they impose some strict conditions to be met for the funds to be released. (P 81)

·        Goldstein wants Lacuna to privatize public sectors in order to create wealth. Also, to expand the economy to embrace more foreign investment. (P 77)

·        The conditions are exploitative to the natives who have to work hard for little reward. (P 77-78)

 ·         Reduction of wages

·         Removal of price controls

·         Go easy on foreign exchange

·         Quadruple production of silver and gold

·         Reduction of employment

·         Longer working hours

·         Lacuna is forced to dance to the financier’s tune (Please Robert)

 

·          Goldstein arm twists Lacuna into nationalizing the valley and to allow them to occupy it. They plan to irrigate it and grow food to feed the whole of Africa. Their ulterior motive is to use the valley for their own avarices (selfish gains)

·                      Lulu is exasperated because of the neocolonialist tendencies bedeviling operations in her country. The school rules are made in England by “the shameless thieves” who colonized her docile ancestors.   She opines that the obsequious obedience to the white man is needless.

·                      Lulu notes that the leaders have to look over their shoulders “lest some white man is peering at them through his short sighted glasses” (P 45-46) 

 

Major events in Inheritance 

• Meeting among Thorne Macay, King Kutula and Bishop Menninger (Pg 6-14)
• The return of Bengo (Pg 17-24)
• The altercation between Tamina and Lulu (Pg 25-31)
• Judah returns (Pg. 32-39)
• Rev. Sangoi’s visit (Pg 40-44)
• The argument between Tamina and Lulu (Pg 45-46)
• The drunken tales of Judah Zen Melo (Pg 47-51)
• The commemoration of King Kutula’s remembrance day (Pg 52-57)
• Robert Rollerstone & Daniel Goldstein (the financiers) confer with Lacuna Kasoo concerning the accountability on spending foreign loans (Pg63-83)
• Lacuna meets Sangoi and Bukelenge’s opinion leaders concerning the evacuation at Samuka plains (Pg 84-85)
• Lacuna’s discussion with Chipande about the  annual ritual (Pg 87-89)
• The insurrection (Pg 90)
• Lacuna flirts with Lulu (Pg 92-94)
• Sangoi reveals the news about Judah’s death to Tamina (Pg 99-101)
• Heated argument between Malipoa and Lacuna Kasoo (Pg 104-105)
• The financiers freeze Lacunas accounts. (Pg 107-112)
• Declaration of Martial Law (Pg 114-115)
• Disagreement between Lacuna and Lulu (Pg 118-121)
• The meeting in the woods (Pg 122-128)
• Lacuna is overthrown (Pg 131-137)

Do you need some study questions on Inheritance by David Mulwa?